Know about Endocrinology
Endocrinology is the branch of medicine that deals with hormone and glands that produce hormones.
1. Pancreatic gland
- Diabetes (due to defect in insulin hormone secretion by beta cells of pancreas)
- Hypoglycemia (due to various factors that tilt body balance towards low sugar)
- Glucagonoma (condition producing low sugars due to increased production of a hormone called glucagon)
2. Thyroid
- Hypothyroidism (caused by various reasons that reduce thyroid hormone production)
- Hyperthyroidism ( multiple diseases that cause increased level of thyroid hormones in the body)
- Goitre (swelling of thyroid, could be due single or multiple nodules)
- Thyroid tumors (could be benign or cancerous)
- Pregnancy fluctuations (a very common problem in pregnancy, where some require treatment while others can be left alone).
- Congenital Thyroid diseases ( thyroid fluctuations that appear at birth, if not properly treated could lead to defective brain development)
3. Metabolic Diseases
- Obesity (could be related to lifestyle, heredity or even due to hormone fluctuations)
- Sudden weight loss (again could be related to altered hormone balance)
- Dyslipidemia (Various diseases that result in altered cholesterol patterns)
- Childhood Obesity ( could be due to various reasons including lifestyle, genetic, hormonal problems)
4. Ovary
- PCOD (Polycystic ovary disease)
- Hypogonadism (reduced female hormones leading to reduced menstrual periods)
- Hirsutism (Excess hair growth due to various hormonal excess and imbalances)
- Infertility (that result from hormone imbalance)
- Irregular Menstrual Periods (resulting from female hormone imbalances)
5. Testis
- Hypogonadism (Low male hormone level)
- Erectile Dysfunction (sexual problems related to hormone imbalance)
- Infertility & Low sperm count (related to hormone imbalance)
- Lack of facial hair (due to reduced male hormones or excess blocking hormones)
- Micropenis ( reduced penile size)
- Cryptorchidism ( Absence of one or both of testis in its normal position)
6. Pituitary (the master gland)
- Hypopituitarism ( conditions producing low level of pituitary hormones)
- Acromegaly ( caused by excess growth hormone)
- Cushing (produced excess amount of steroid hormone)
- Prolactinemia (condition produced by excess prolactin hormone)
- Pituitary Adenoma (Tumor of pituitary)
7. Adrenal
- Adrenal Insufficiency/ Addison’s disease (due to lack steroid hormones in body)
- Pheochromocytoma ( caused by excess stress hormones)
- Hyperaldosteronism/ Conn’s disease (caused by excess level of aldosterone in body)
- Adrenal Tumour ( swelling of adrenal which could be benign or cancerous)
8. Parathyroid & Vitamin D
- Osteoporosis (fragile bone disease)
- Hyperparathyroidism ( caused by excess parathyroid hormone)
- Hypoparathyroidism (due to deficiency of parathyroid hormone)
- Vitamin D Deficiency
9. Pediatric Endocrine Diseases ( Hormone diseases in children)
- Congenital/ Acquired Hypothyroidism
- Growth Hormone deficiency
- Delayed Puberty
- Early Puberty
- Ambiguous Genitalia (abnormalities in female or male external sex organ appearance)
- Rickets (Bowing of legs)
- Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia ( life threatening disease due to defective adrenal hormone production )
10. Genetic Diseases
- Prader Willi Syndrome
- Turners Syndrome
- Klinefelter’s Syndrome